Early history of Roman Empire

According to the traditions, Rome was founded in 753 BC by Romulus and his twin brother Remus.

The archeological evidence shows that about 700 years before Christ was born a small settlement of farmers lived in mud huts near the River Tiber in an area of Italy called ‘Latium’.

Primitive Rome was centered around the Esquiline and Quirinal hills. Later Capitoline Hill emerged as the very heart of the Roman establishment, with its magnificent temples; the Palatine contained residences and eventually the homes of the emperors.

There were seven hills near the river and soon each had settlement built on it. Romulus completed his city on 21 April, 753 BC and it was named Rome in his honor.

Began as a minor people settled in the hills they progressively conquered the entire peninsula and then expanded into Greece.

Before part of the North Africa could be made a Roman Province in 46 BC the Romans had to fight many wars against North Africa powers: Egypt, Carthage, Numidia and Mauretania.

When the victorious Roman Empire had spread all over North Africa and taken Carthage’s place, Roman power extended all around the Mediterranean in the first three AD.  The Empire later extended to Middle East and into northwestern Europe as far as the British Isle.
Early history of Roman Empire

German Empire

German Empire or Second Reich existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1918, when Germany became a federal republic.

Germany only became a unified state in 1871. It was proclaimed in January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, not far from where the Prussian army besieged Paris in the final days of the Franco-Prussian War with Berlin was its capital and the king of Prussia as emperor.

Its constitution was adopted on 16 April 1871. The empire had a population of 41,000,000 in 1871 and 66,500,000 in 1910.

The German Empire occasionally referred to as the Second Reich, also died in battle, on November 9, 1918 when William II abdicated his throne in the final days of World War I. Germany became Europe’s leading power. It also acquired colonies in Africa, Asia and the Pacific Ocean.

The architect of the German Empire was Prussian Prime Minster Otto von Bismarck.

During World War I (1914-18) Germany and its allies, Austria-Hungary and Turkey, battled Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy and the United States.

The war ended with a disastrous defeat for the German Empire, German  lost land to surrounding countries.
German Empire

Carolingian Empire (800–888)

In mid 7th century, Austrasian nobles St. Arnulf, bishop of Metz and Pippin I of Landen joined together in a marriage alliance.  Pippin, mayor of the palace, became one of the most powerful figures in the kingdom after helping the Merovingian king Chlotar overthrow Queen Brunhilde and then assume the Frankish throne in 613.

As a mayor of the palace he enjoyed the support of numerous lay and clerical vassals established on ecclesiastical properties and he could equally reckon with the help of his family, including the Austrasian nobles allied to his clan by marriage.

Grimoald later succeeded his father as mayor. Grimoald ext expanded his own based of power by acquiring territory and in what was to become good Carolingian fashion forging alliances with monasteries and their monks.

In 751 Pippin III became king after deposing Childeric III, the last member of the Merovingian dynasty.

Pippin III proved to be resourceful and energetic king whose conquest of Aquitainem two successful expeditions against Lombards and promotion of religious reform demonstrated the potential and direction of the new dynasty.

Charlemagne, his son succeeded and was sole ruler of the Franks. At its peak, the realm, which with his imperial coronation in 8000 came to be regarded as the Christian-Roman Empire in the West, comprised portions of modern East Europe and most of the western are of the Continent.

After his death, the Carolingian Empire ceased to expand, settling into a defensive posture against the new nomadic threat from the north and continuing invasions from the east.
Carolingian Empire (800–888)